In addition to routine microscopy, these 7 items of stool testing should not be overlooked

Publication Time:

2019-06-27 17:54

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In addition to routine microscopy, some chemical or immunological tests for stool also have important clinical significance and are receiving increasing clinical attention.

I. Fecal Occult Blood

Fecal occult blood refers to slight bleeding in the digestive tract, but the appearance of the stool is not abnormal, and the bleeding is not detectable to the naked eye. It needs to be detected through specific chemical or immunological methods. Common detection methods include hemoglobin immunologic methods, combined chemical-immunologic methods, transferrin immunologic methods, and hemoglobin-transferrin combined methods. Currently, many hospitals have included fecal occult blood as one of the routine stool examination items.

Stool is an "alarm" that reflects the health of the digestive tract. Occult blood detection can help detect diseases such as gastric mucosal damage, intestinal tuberculosis, gastric ulcers, ulcerative colitis, and colon polyps early. Fecal occult blood is one of the early symptoms of colorectal cancer, and occult blood testing facilitates early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of colorectal cancer.

Authoritative Recommendation

II. Calprotectin/ Lactoferrin

Calprotectin and lactoferrin are commonly used and ideal inflammatory markers in stool. Calprotectin is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein present in neutrophils. It is released into the gastrointestinal tract when white blood cells are damaged, is not affected by diet, is resistant to enzymatic degradation, and remains stable for a long time. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein with immunoprotective function. It is an important component of secondary granules of neutrophils and has high stability.

Detection of calprotectin/lactoferrin can be used to differentiate inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome, monitor the activity of inflammatory bowel disease, evaluate the therapeutic effect of inflammatory bowel disease, and predict the recurrence of inflammatory bowel disease. Combined detection of calprotectin and lactoferrin, double protection, can improve the positive detection rate and accuracy.

Authoritative Recommendation

III. Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common bacteria infecting humans and is closely related to chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. The World Health Organization has listed Helicobacter pylori as a class I carcinogen and a risk factor for gastric cancer.

Detection of Helicobacter pylori in stool can determine the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection so that preventive measures can be taken in a timely manner to reduce the incidence of gastric cancer.

Authoritative Recommendation

IV. Rotavirus/Adenovirus

Rotavirus is the leading cause of viral diarrhea and enteritis in infants and young children worldwide and can be divided into 7 groups (A-G). Groups A, B, and C have been shown to infect humans, with group A being the most prevalent. Adenovirus is the second leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in children and is mainly divided into groups A-G. Serotype 40 (Ad40) and 41 (Ad41) of group F are present in approximately 70% of adenovirus-associated gastroenteritis.

Timely and accurate detection of rotavirus/adenovirus can be used for etiological investigation of diarrhea in infants and young children. Prevention and control of rotavirus/adenovirus are crucial, providing a basis for clinical medication and avoiding the abuse of antibiotics.

Relevant Literature

A large number of studies have reported that fecal rotavirus-adenovirus antigen detection can be used for etiological investigation of diarrhea in infants and young children.

(1) Analysis of the detection results of rotavirus and enteric adenovirus in the stool of children with diarrhea --- "Clinical Transfusion and Examination"

Conclusion: Rotavirus and enteric adenovirus infections can occur at all ages in children. It is recommended that when children have diarrhea symptoms, rotavirus and adenovirus antigens should be tested.

(2) The value of combined detection of rotavirus and adenovirus in the diagnosis of diarrhea in children -- "Journal of Yan'an University (Medical Science Edition)"

Conclusion: The detection of rotavirus and adenovirus has high diagnostic value for diarrhea in children.

Aiwei Technology has fecal occult blood, calprotectin, lactoferrin, Helicobacter pylori, rotavirus, and adenovirus detection cards that can be used with the AVE-56 series of fully automatic stool analyzers. The detection items can be freely combined as needed, and 1-10 items can be completed at one time, flexibly and conveniently. These detection cards are also suitable for manual operation in households and medical institutions at all levels, simple and convenient.